Izindaba

inqubo
Isiqephu sokusebenza → ukwehlisa amafutha → ukuwasha ngamanzi → ukukha amanzi → ukuwasha ngamanzi → ukucwiliswa ekusizeni isincibilikisi sokucwenga → ukomisa nokushisa kuqala → ukucwebezela kwediphu elishisayo → ukuqeda → ukupholisa → ukudlula → ukuhlanza → ukomisa → ukuhlola
(1) Ukwehlisa amafutha
I-Chemical degreasing noma i-ejenti yokuhlanza insimbi esekwe emanzini ingasetshenziselwa ukwehlisa amafutha kuze kube yilapho ucezu lokusebenza lumanziswa ngokuphelele ngamanzi.
(2) Ukukha
Ingavuthwa nge-H2SO4 15%, thiourea 0.1%, 40～60℃ noma i-HCl 20%, i-hexamethylenetetramine 1～3g/L, 20～40℃. Ukwengezwa kwe-corrosion inhibitor kungavimbela i-matrix ekugqwaleni ngokweqile futhi kunciphise ukumuncwa kwe-hydrogen kwe-matrix yensimbi. Ukwelashwa okungalungile kwe-degreasing kanye nokukhetha kuzodala ukunamathela okungalungile kwe-coating, akukho ukumbozwa kwe-zinc noma ukuxebuka kongqimba lwe-zinc.
(3) Ukucwiliswa kwamanzi
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ejenti yokubopha, ingagcina ucezu lomsebenzi lusebenza ngaphambi kokucwiliswa kwe-plating ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlangana phakathi kongqimba lwe-plating ne-substrate. NH4Cl 15%～25%, ZnCl2 2.5%～3.5%, 55～65℃, 5～10min. Ukuze kwehliswe ukuvuvukala kwe-NH4Cl, i-glycerin ingangezwa ngendlela efanele.
(4) Ukomisa nokushisa kuqala
Ukuze uvimbele ucezu lokusebenza ukuthi lungaguquki ngenxa yokwenyuka okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa, futhi kususwe umswakama osalayo, ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwe-zinc, okuholela ekuqhumeni koketshezi lwezinki, ukushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuvame ukuba ngu-120-180°C.
(5) Ukuvuza okushisayo
Kuyadingeka ukulawula izinga lokushisa lesisombululo se-zinc, isikhathi sokucwiliswa kanye nesivinini lapho i-workpiece isuswa khona kwisisombululo se-zinc. Izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, i-fluidity ye-zinc liquid impofu, ukunamathela kukhulu futhi akulingani, kulula ukukhiqiza ukugoqa, futhi izinga lokubukeka liphansi; izinga lokushisa liphezulu, i-fluidity ye-zinc liquid inhle, i-zinc liquid kulula ukuyihlukanisa ne-workpiece, futhi umkhuba wokugoqa kanye nemibimbi uyancipha. Ukugqoka okuqinile, okuncane, ukubukeka okuhle, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu; kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-workpiece kanye nebhodwe le-zinc kuzolimala kakhulu, futhi kuzokhiqizwa inani elikhulu le-zinc dross, elizothinta ikhwalithi ye-zinc dipping layer futhi kudle inani elikhulu le-zinc. Emazingeni okushisa afanayo, isikhathi sokucwiliswa sokucwiliswa side futhi isendlalelo sokucwenga siwugqinsi. Uma ubukhulu obufanayo budingeka emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukucwiliswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukuze uvimbele ukuwohloka kokushisa okuphezulu kwe-workpiece kanye nokunciphisa imfucumfucu ye-zinc ebangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi, umenzi jikelele usebenzisa i-450 ~ 470℃, 0.5 ~ 1.5min. Amanye amafekthri asebenzisa amazinga okushisa aphakeme kuma-workpieces amakhulu kanye nokusakazwa kwensimbi, kodwa gwema izinga lokushisa lokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ephezulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-fluidity yesisombululo se-dip plating esishisayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukuvimbela ukumboza ukuthi kungabi kakhulu, futhi kuthuthukise ukubukeka kwe-coating, i-0.01% kuya ku-0.02% ye-aluminium ehlanzekile ivame ukungezwa. I-aluminium kufanele yengezwe ngamanani amancane izikhathi eziningi.
(6) ukuqeda
Ukuqeda ucezu lokusebenzela ngemva kokucwenga ngokuyinhloko ukususa i-zinc engaphezulu kanye namaqhuqhuva e-zinc, noma ngokuzamazama noma izindlela ezenziwa ngesandla.
(7) Ukuthakasela
Inhloso ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-atmospheric ebusweni be-workpiece, ukunciphisa noma ukwandisa ukubukeka kokugqwala okumhlophe, nokugcina ukubukeka okuhle kwe-coating. Zonke zidluliswa nge-chromate, njenge-Na2Cr2O7 80～100g/L, i-sulfuric acid 3～4ml/L.
(8) Ukupholisa
Ivamise ukupholiswa ngamanzi, kodwa izinga lokushisa akufanele libe phansi kakhulu ukuze uvimbele ucezu lokusebenza, ikakhulukazi ukusakaza, ekuqhekekeni ku-matrix ngenxa yokugodola nokuncipha.
(9) Ukuhlola
Ukubonakala kwe-coating kukhanya, kunemininingwane, ngaphandle kokugoqa noma imibimbi. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kungasebenzisa i-coating gauge ukujiya, indlela ilula. Ubukhulu be-coating bungatholakala futhi ngokuguqula inani le-zinc adhesion. Amandla okubopha angagotshwa ngomshini wokugoba, futhi isampula kufanele igobe ku-90-180 °, futhi akumele kube nemifantu noma ukuxebuka kokugqoka. Ingabuye ihlolwe ngokushaya ngesando esinzima.
2. Inqubo yokwenza ungqimba olunamanzi ashisayo-diphu Inqubo yokwenza ungqimba olushisayo lwediphu iyinqubo yokwenza ingxubevange ye-iron-zinc phakathi kwe-matrix yensimbi kanye nongqimba lwezinki oluhlanzekile olungaphandle kakhulu. I-iron-zinc alloy layer yakheka phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwe-hot-dip galvanizing. I-iron kanye nesendlalelo se-zinc ehlanzekile kuhlanganiswe kahle, futhi inqubo ingachazwa kalula ngokuthi: lapho i-workpiece yensimbi icwiliswa ku-zinc encibilikisiwe, isisombululo esiqinile se-zinc ne-alpha iron (umgogodla womzimba) siqala ukwakhiwa ku-interface. Lena ikristalu eyakhiwe ngokuncibilikisa ama-athomu e-zinc kunsimbi eyisisekelo esimweni esiqinile. Ama-athomu amabili ensimbi ahlanganisiwe, futhi ukukhangana phakathi kwama-athomu kuncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-zinc ifinyelela ekugcwaleni esixazululweni esiqinile, ama-athomu amabili e-zinc nensimbi ayahlakazeka, futhi ama-athomu e-zinc ahlakazekile (noma angenele) ku-matrix yensimbi athuthela ku-matrix lattice, futhi kancane kancane akhe ingxubevange insimbi, bese isakaza I-iron ne-zinc ku-zinc encibilikisiwe kwakha inhlanganisela ye-intermetallic FeZn13, eshona phansi ebhodweni elikhipha amanzi ashisayo, elibizwa ngokuthi amanyela e-zinc. Lapho i-workpiece isuswa kwisisombululo sokucwiliswa kwe-zinc, ungqimba oluhlanzekile lwe-zinc lwakhiwa phezulu, okuyi-crystal ene-hexagonal. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwensimbi akukho ngaphezu kwe-0.003%.
Okwesithathu, ukusebenza kokuvikela kwesendlalelo se-galvanized dip-dip Ubukhulu bengqimba ye-electro-galvanized ngokuvamile buyi-5-15μm, futhi ungqimba olushisayo lwe-hot-dip ngokuvamile lungaphezu kuka-65μm, ngisho nokuphakama kuka-100μm. I-hot-dip galvanizing inokumboza kahle, ukunamathela okuminyene futhi akukho okufakiwe kwemvelo. Njengoba sonke sazi, i-anti-atmospheric corrosion mechanism ye-zinc ihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwemishini kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokugqwala komkhathi, kunamafilimu okuvikela e-ZnO, Zn(OH)2 kanye ne-zinc carbonate eyisisekelo ebusweni bongqimba lwezinc, anganciphisa ukugqwala kwe-zinc ngezinga elithile. Ifilimu yokuvikela (eyaziwa nangokuthi ukugqwala okumhlophe) yonakalisiwe futhi kwakhiwa ifilimu entsha. Lapho ungqimba lwezinc lonakele kakhulu futhi i-iron matrix isengozini, i-zinc izokhiqiza ukuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical ku-matrix. Amandla ajwayelekile e-zinc ngu-0.76V, kanti amandla ajwayelekile ensimbi ngu-0.44V. Lapho i-zinc nensimbi zakha i-microbattery, i-zinc iyancibilika njenge-anode. Ivikelwe njenge-cathode. Ngokusobala, i-hot-dip galvanizing inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono komkhathi kunsimbi yesisekelo kune-electro-galvanizing.
Okwesine, ukulawulwa kokwakheka komlotha we-zinc kanye ne-zinc slag ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwediphu eshisayo
Umlotha we-zinc kanye nemfucumfucu ye-zinc ayiphazamisi nje kuphela ikhwalithi ye-zinc ungqimba wokucwiliswa, kodwa futhi ibangela ukuthi ukunamathela kube lukhuni futhi kukhiqize amaqhuqhuva e-zinc. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko ze-hot-dip galvanizing zikhuphuka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-zinc kungu-80-120kg ngethoni elilodwa lomsebenzi. Uma umlotha we-zinc kanye nemfucumfucu kuyingozi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-zinc kuzoba ku-140-200kg. Ukulawula i-zinc carbon ngokuyinhloko ukulawula izinga lokushisa nokunciphisa udoti okhiqizwa i-oxidation ye-zinc liquid surface. Abanye abakhiqizi basekhaya basebenzisa isihlabathi esiphikisayo, umlotha wamalahle, njll. Amazwe angaphandle asebenzisa amabhola e-ceramic noma engilazi ane-conductivity ephansi eshisayo, indawo ephakeme yokuncibilika, amandla adonsela phansi aphansi, futhi akukho ukusabela nge-zinc liquid, enganciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi ivimbele i-oxidation. Lolu hlobo lwebhola kulula ukusunduzwa yi-workpiece, futhi alunamatheli ku-workpiece. Umthelela oseceleni. Ukuze kwakhiwe amanyela e-zinc oketshezini lwe-zinc, ngokuyinhloko iyingxubevange ye-zinc-iron enoketshezi olubi ngokwedlulele olwakheka lapho okuqukethwe kwe-iron encibilika oketshezini lwezinc kudlula ukuncibilika kulelizinga lokushisa. Okuqukethwe yizinc emanyeleni e-zinc kungaba phezulu ku-95%, okuyi-hot-dip galvanizing. Isihluthulelo sezindleko eziphezulu ze-zinc. Kungabonakala ejikeni lokuncibilika kwensimbi oketshezini lwe-zinc ukuthi inani lensimbi encibilikile, okungukuthi, inani lokulahleka kwensimbi, lihlukile emazingeni okushisa ahlukene kanye nezikhathi zokubamba ezihlukene. Cishe ku-500 ° C, ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi kukhula kakhulu ngokushisa nokubamba isikhathi, cishe ebudlelwaneni bomugqa. Ngaphansi noma ngaphezulu kobubanzi obungu-480℃ 510℃, ukulahleka kwensimbi kukhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, abantu babiza u-480℃ 510℃ indawo embi yokuhlakazeka. Kulolu hlu lokushisa, uketshezi lwezinki luzogqwala ucezu lokusebenza bese ibhodwe le-zinc libi kakhulu. Ukulahleka kwensimbi kuzokwenyuka kakhulu lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-560 ℃, futhi i-zinc izogcina ngokucekela phansi i-matrix yensimbi lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-660℃. . Ngakho-ke, ukucwenga okwamanje kwenziwa ezifundeni ezimbili ze-450-480 ° C kanye no-520-560 ° C.
5. Ukulawulwa kwenani lemfucumfucu ye-zinc
Ukunciphisa i-zinc dross, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-iron kusixazululo se-zinc, okuwukuqala ngokunciphisa izici zokuchithwa kwensimbi:
⑴Ukucwenga nokugcina ukushisa kufanele kugweme indawo ephakeme kakhulu yokuncibilika kwensimbi, okungukuthi, kungasebenzi ku-480℃510℃.
⑵ Ngokusemandleni, i-zinc pot material kufanele ishiselwe ngamapuleti ensimbi anekhabhoni nokuqukethwe kwe-silicon ephansi. I-carbon content ephezulu izosheshisa ukugqwala kwe-iron pan ngoketshezi lwe-zinc, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ephezulu nakho kungakhuthaza ukugqwala kwe-iron ngoketshezi lwe-zinc. Njengamanje, amapuleti e-carbon steel ekhwalithi ephezulu angu-08F asetshenziswa kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yayo ngu-0.087% (0.05%～0.11%), okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kungu-≤0.03%, futhi kuqukethe izinto ezifana ne-nickel ne-chromium ezingavimbela i-iron ukuthi ingagqwali. Ungasebenzisi i-carbon steel evamile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kwe-zinc kuzoba kukhulu futhi impilo yebhodwe le-zinc izoba mfushane. Kuphinde kwahlongozwa ukusebenzisa i-silicon carbide ukwenza ithangi elincibilikisa i-zinc, nakuba lingaxazulula ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi, kodwa inqubo yokumodela nayo iyinkinga.
⑶Ukususa i-slag njalo. Izinga lokushisa kuqala liphakanyiswe kumkhawulo ongaphezulu wokushisa kwenqubo ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-zinc slag ku-zinc liquid, bese yehliswa ibe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lenqubo, ukuze i-zinc slag ishone phansi ethangini bese ithathwa nge. isipuni. Izingxenye ezipuletiweyo eziwela oketshezini lwezinki nazo kufanele zihlengwe ngesikhathi.
⑷Kubalulekile ukuvimbela insimbi eku-plating ejenti ukuthi ingangeni ethangini le-zinc ne-workpiece. Inhlanganisela enensimbi enombala onsundu ngokubomvu izokwakhiwa lapho i-ejenti yokucwenga isetshenziswa isikhathi esithile, futhi kufanele ihlungwe njalo. Kungcono ukugcina inani le-pH le-ejenti yokucwenga lizungeze u-5.
⑸ Ngaphansi kuka-0.01% i-aluminium esixazululweni sokucwenga izosheshisa ukwakheka kwamanyela. Inani elifanele le-aluminium ngeke lithuthukise kuphela uketshezi lwesisombululo se-zinc futhi likhulise ukugqama kwe-coating, kodwa futhi lisize ukunciphisa imfucumfucu ye-zinc kanye nothuli lwe-zinc. Inani elincane le-aluminium elintantayo endaweni ewuketshezi linenzuzo ekwehliseni i-oxidation, futhi okuningi kuthinta ikhwalithi yento enamathelayo, kubangele ukonakala kwamabala.
⑹ Ukushisisa nokushisisa kufanele kufane ukuze kugwenywe ukuqhuma nokushisa kwasendaweni.